



The Law Offices of Ripley & Associates is located in Victorville, Ca. and services clients throughout the San Bernardino county and Inland Empire area, including the cities of Adelanto, Apple Valley, Barstow, Big Bear Lake, Chino, Chino Hills, Colton, Fontana, Grand Terrace, Hesperia, Highland, Loma Linda, Montclair, Needles, Ontario, Rancho Cucamonga, Redlands, Rialto, San Bernardino, Twentynine Palms, Upland, Yucaipa, Yucca Valley.








Punitive Damages
Apart from legislation granting a right to sue for a specific harm, personal injury law generally consists of tort law and the civil procedure for enforcing it. One of the purposes of tort law is to provide compensation for damages. This article discusses punitive damages.Read more...
Proximate Cause
In order to win a personal injury action, a plaintiff must prove that a defendant's negligence caused the plaintiff's injuries. In negligence law, there are two types of causation: (1) "cause in fact"; and (2) "proximate cause." The plaintiff must prove both types of causation.Read more...
Defamatory Statements
A lawsuit for defamation has the following basic elements: (1) making a false statement; (2) about a person; (3) to others; and (4) actual damages (if the harm to the person is not apparent). There is a fifth element when the person is a public official or public figure. In such a case, the person who made the statement has to have made it with a known or reckless disregard of the truth. This article discusses the first element, making a false statement. A false statement of fact about a person that tends to harm the person's reputation is known as a defamatory statement.Read more...
